Cardiology (heart failure, arrhythmias)
Cardiology involves the diagnosis, treatment, and management of heart-related conditions. Diseases like heart failure and arrhythmias require specialized attention to prevent complications, improve heart function, and enhance overall health.
1. Heart Failure
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs. This may result from weakened heart muscles (systolic failure) or stiffness of the heart (diastolic failure).
Causes:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Valvular heart disease
- Cardiomyopathy or myocarditis
Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or lying flat
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Persistent cough or wheezing
2. Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias refer to irregular heartbeats that may be too fast, too slow, or erratic, potentially affecting heart efficiency.
Types of Arrhythmias:
- Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
- Bradycardia: Slow heart rate.
- Atrial Fibrillation (AF): Irregular and chaotic heart rhythm in the atria.
- Ventricular Fibrillation (VF): Life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention.
Symptoms:
- Palpitations or fluttering in the chest
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Fainting (syncope)
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort or shortness of breath
Role of the Consultant Physician, Diabetologist, Infectious Disease & Critical Care Specialist
These specialists provide a multidisciplinary approach to managing cardiac conditions, offering services like:
- Early Diagnosis: Advanced tests and imaging for precise identification of heart issues.
- Comprehensive Treatment Plans: Customized therapies based on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.
- Chronic Disease Management: Ongoing care for patients with diabetes or hypertension to reduce cardiovascular risks.
- Emergency Care: Managing acute arrhythmias, heart failure exacerbations, or cardiac arrest in critical settings.
- Preventive Care:
Screening for risk factors like high cholesterol or prediabetes.
Counseling on lifestyle changes to prevent heart disease progression.