Pulmonology (asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease)
Pulmonology focuses on diagnosing and managing diseases and disorders of the lungs and respiratory system. Common conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) require a multidisciplinary approach to improve breathing, manage symptoms, and enhance quality of life.
1. Asthma
Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing difficulty in breathing.
Symptoms:
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Chronic cough, especially at night or early morning
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a progressive lung disease commonly associated with smoking or long-term exposure to pollutants, characterized by airflow obstruction and emphysema.
Symptoms:
- Chronic cough with mucus production
- Shortness of breath during physical activities
- Wheezing
- Fatigue
3. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
ILD encompasses a group of disorders causing scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, leading to stiffness and impaired gas exchange.
Symptoms:
- Persistent dry cough
- Shortness of breath, especially during exercise
- Fatigue
- Chest discomfort
Role of the Consultant Physician, Diabetologist, Infectious Disease & Critical Care Specialist
Specialists in these fields provide a comprehensive approach to respiratory health:
- Accurate Diagnosis: Utilizing advanced diagnostic tools such as PFTs, imaging, and laboratory tests.
- Individualized Treatment Plans: Tailored therapies based on disease severity and comorbid conditions.
- Critical Care Expertise: Managing life-threatening complications like severe asthma attacks, COPD exacerbations, or respiratory failure in ILD.
- Preventive Care: Vaccinations (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal) and counseling on smoking cessation and pollutant avoidance.
- Chronic Disease Management: Monitoring disease progression and adjusting treatments as needed.