Non-invasive & invasive mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation supports or replaces natural breathing in patients with respiratory failure or compromised lung function. It is a critical intervention used to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation in acute and chronic conditions.
1. Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV)
Purpose: Provide respiratory support without inserting a tube into the airway.
Key Features
- Delivered via a mask (nasal, full-face, or helmet).
- Preserves natural airway reflexes and reduces the risk of infection.
Indications for NIV
- Respiratory distress due to COPD or asthma exacerbations.
- Acute pulmonary edema.
- Post-operative respiratory support.
- Preventing progression to invasive ventilation.
2. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Purpose: Provide complete control of breathing in critically ill patients by securing the airway with an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube.
Key Features
- Requires intubation (placement of a tube into the windpipe).
- Delivers precise oxygen concentrations, respiratory rates, and pressures.
Indications for Invasive Ventilation
- Severe respiratory failure or ARDS.
- Post-cardiac arrest care.
- Multi-organ failure requiring ICU support.
- Inability to protect the airway (e.g., in comatose patients).
- Failed NIV.
Common Conditions Requiring Ventilation
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
- Severe pneumonia or COVID-19-related respiratory failure.
- Neuromuscular disorders affecting respiratory muscles.
- Trauma or surgical complications.
Advantages of Mechanical Ventilation
- Maintains oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal.
- Prevents lung collapse in critical patients.
- Supports recovery while addressing the underlying condition.
Role of Specialists
- Manage respiratory conditions and determine the need for ventilation.
- Address complications like diabetic ketoacidosis causing respiratory failure.
- Treat infections like pneumonia or sepsis contributing to respiratory distress.
- Oversee ventilation settings, monitor response, and prevent complications.